Foraminifera utilize intravesicular formation of unstable mineral precursors (Mg-rich amorphous calcium carbonates) supplied by endocytosed seawater to deposit calcite mesocrystals within the extracellular organic matrix, challenging the previous model of miliolid mineralization.
Actomyosin network, specifically ROCK, plays a crucial role in controlling mineral growth and morphology during sea urchin skeletogenesis by regulating gene expression and spicule formation.