аналитика - Cryptography - # Post-Quantum Cryptography

Supersingular Elliptic Curves and Quaternion Algebras: A Survey with Applications to Cryptography

Q: How will the development of quantum computers impact the timeline for adopting cryptographic protocols based on supersingular elliptic curves?

The development of quantum computers poses a significant threat to many widely used cryptographic protocols, including those based on RSA and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). This is because quantum computers can efficiently solve the mathematical problems that underpin the security of these systems, such as integer factorization and discrete logarithms. However, cryptographic protocols based on supersingular elliptic curves and supersingular isogeny graphs, like SIDH and SQIsign, are believed to be quantum-resistant. This is because no known quantum algorithms can efficiently solve the underlying hard problem, namely, finding an isogeny between two given supersingular elliptic curves. The timeline for adopting these post-quantum cryptography (PQC) candidates is influenced by several factors: Progress in quantum computing: The rate at which quantum computers become powerful and stable enough to break existing cryptographic systems will significantly impact the urgency of adopting PQC. Standardization efforts: Organizations like NIST are currently evaluating and standardizing PQC algorithms. The completion of these processes and the selection of recommended algorithms will accelerate adoption. Implementation and deployment challenges: Integrating new cryptographic protocols into existing systems can be complex and time-consuming. Overcoming these challenges is crucial for widespread adoption. Given these factors, the timeline for adopting supersingular elliptic curve-based cryptography remains uncertain. However, the threat of quantum computers is pushing for faster development and deployment of these systems. It is likely that we will see increased adoption in the coming years, especially in security-sensitive applications.

Q: Could there be undiscovered vulnerabilities in supersingular isogeny graphs that might undermine the security of these cryptographic systems?

While supersingular isogeny graphs are currently considered to be quantum-resistant, the possibility of undiscovered vulnerabilities cannot be entirely ruled out. This is a common concern with any relatively new cryptographic primitive. Some potential areas where vulnerabilities might arise include: Unexpected mathematical breakthroughs: New mathematical techniques or insights could potentially lead to more efficient attacks on the underlying hard problem of supersingular isogeny graphs. Exploiting specific parameters or implementations: Weaknesses could exist in specific parameter choices or implementations of these cryptographic systems, even if the underlying mathematical problem remains hard in general. Side-channel attacks: These attacks exploit information leakage from the implementation of a cryptographic system, rather than directly attacking the algorithm itself. It is crucial to continue researching and analyzing the security of supersingular isogeny graphs to identify and address any potential vulnerabilities. This includes: Further investigation of the underlying mathematical problem: Deeper mathematical analysis might reveal unforeseen weaknesses or lead to the development of new attack strategies. Scrutiny of proposed parameters and implementations: Careful analysis of specific parameter choices and implementations is essential to ensure they do not introduce security flaws. Development of countermeasures against side-channel attacks: Implementing appropriate countermeasures can mitigate the risk of side-channel attacks. The cryptographic community is actively engaged in these efforts to ensure the long-term security of supersingular isogeny-based cryptography.

Основные понятия

This paper surveys the relationship between supersingular elliptic curves and quaternion algebras, exploring their properties and applications in building cryptographic systems resistant to quantum attacks.

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arxiv.org

Goren, E. Z., & Love, J. (2024, October 8). Supersingular elliptic curves, quaternion algebras and applications to cryptography. arXiv.org. https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.06123v1

This paper surveys the use of supersingular elliptic curves in cryptography, focusing on their connection to quaternion algebras and their application in constructing post-quantum cryptographic protocols. The authors aim to provide a comprehensive overview accessible to both newcomers and experts in the field.

Ключевые выводы из

Supersingular elliptic curves, quaternion algebras and applications to cryptography

by Eyal Z. Gore... в arxiv.org 10-10-2024

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.06123.pdf

Supersingular elliptic curves, quaternion algebras and applications to cryptography

Дополнительные вопросы

How will the development of quantum computers impact the timeline for adopting cryptographic protocols based on supersingular elliptic curves?

The development of quantum computers poses a significant threat to many widely used cryptographic protocols, including those based on RSA and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). This is because quantum computers can efficiently solve the mathematical problems that underpin the security of these systems, such as integer factorization and discrete logarithms.
However, cryptographic protocols based on supersingular elliptic curves and supersingular isogeny graphs, like SIDH and SQIsign, are believed to be quantum-resistant. This is because no known quantum algorithms can efficiently solve the underlying hard problem, namely, finding an isogeny between two given supersingular elliptic curves.
The timeline for adopting these post-quantum cryptography (PQC) candidates is influenced by several factors:

Progress in quantum computing: The rate at which quantum computers become powerful and stable enough to break existing cryptographic systems will significantly impact the urgency of adopting PQC.
Standardization efforts: Organizations like NIST are currently evaluating and standardizing PQC algorithms. The completion of these processes and the selection of recommended algorithms will accelerate adoption.
Implementation and deployment challenges: Integrating new cryptographic protocols into existing systems can be complex and time-consuming. Overcoming these challenges is crucial for widespread adoption.
Given these factors, the timeline for adopting supersingular elliptic curve-based cryptography remains uncertain. However, the threat of quantum computers is pushing for faster development and deployment of these systems. It is likely that we will see increased adoption in the coming years, especially in security-sensitive applications.

Could there be undiscovered vulnerabilities in supersingular isogeny graphs that might undermine the security of these cryptographic systems?

While supersingular isogeny graphs are currently considered to be quantum-resistant, the possibility of undiscovered vulnerabilities cannot be entirely ruled out. This is a common concern with any relatively new cryptographic primitive.
Some potential areas where vulnerabilities might arise include:

Unexpected mathematical breakthroughs:  New mathematical techniques or insights could potentially lead to more efficient attacks on the underlying hard problem of supersingular isogeny graphs.
Exploiting specific parameters or implementations:  Weaknesses could exist in specific parameter choices or implementations of these cryptographic systems, even if the underlying mathematical problem remains hard in general.
Side-channel attacks: These attacks exploit information leakage from the implementation of a cryptographic system, rather than directly attacking the algorithm itself.
It is crucial to continue researching and analyzing the security of supersingular isogeny graphs to identify and address any potential vulnerabilities. This includes:

Further investigation of the underlying mathematical problem:  Deeper mathematical analysis might reveal unforeseen weaknesses or lead to the development of new attack strategies.
Scrutiny of proposed parameters and implementations:  Careful analysis of specific parameter choices and implementations is essential to ensure they do not introduce security flaws.
Development of countermeasures against side-channel attacks:  Implementing appropriate countermeasures can mitigate the risk of side-channel attacks.
The cryptographic community is actively engaged in these efforts to ensure the long-term security of supersingular isogeny-based cryptography.

What are the ethical implications of developing new cryptographic techniques, especially in the context of data privacy and security in a post-quantum world?

The development of new cryptographic techniques, particularly in the context of a post-quantum world, carries significant ethical implications. While these advancements are crucial for protecting data privacy and security, they also raise concerns that need careful consideration:

Equitable access to secure communication:  As quantum computers become more accessible, there is a risk of creating a "crypto divide" where only those with access to advanced technology can benefit from quantum-resistant cryptography. Ensuring equitable access to secure communication for all is crucial.
Dual-use potential:  Like any powerful technology, quantum-resistant cryptography can be used for both beneficial and malicious purposes. It is essential to consider the potential for misuse and develop safeguards to prevent its use in harmful activities.
Transparency and accountability:  The development and deployment of new cryptographic techniques should be transparent and accountable to ensure public trust and prevent the erosion of privacy.
Impact on existing security infrastructure:  Transitioning to a post-quantum world will require significant changes to existing security infrastructure. This transition needs careful planning and execution to avoid vulnerabilities and disruptions.
Addressing these ethical implications requires a multi-faceted approach involving:

Collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and industry leaders:  Open dialogue and collaboration are essential to develop ethical guidelines and regulations for the development and deployment of quantum-resistant cryptography.
Public awareness and education:  Raising public awareness about the importance of post-quantum cryptography and its ethical implications is crucial for informed decision-making and responsible use.
Promoting responsible innovation:  Encouraging ethical considerations throughout the research and development process can help mitigate potential risks and ensure that new cryptographic techniques are used for the benefit of society.
By proactively addressing these ethical implications, we can harness the power of quantum-resistant cryptography to create a more secure and privacy-preserving digital world for everyone.