
대기 CO2 농도 상승은 식물 이온체 구성을 전반적으로 감소시키지만, 자연 집단 내에서 이에 대한 유전적 다양성이 매우 크게 나타난다. 이를 통해 CO2 농도 상승이 식물 무기 영양에 미치는 부정적 영향을 완화할 수 있는 유전적 요인을 발견할 수 있다.


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The elevation of atmospheric CO2 leads to a decline in the plant mineral content, which might pose a significant threat to food security in the coming decades. To date, very few genes have been identified as having a role in the negative effect of elevated CO2 on plant mineral composition. Yet, several studies have shown a certain degree of diversity in the ionome’s response to elevated CO2, associated with genotypic variation. This suggests the existence of genetic factors controlling the effect of CO2 on ionome composition. However, no large-scale studies have been carried out to date to explore the genetic diversity of the ionome responses to elevated CO2. Here, we used six hundred Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, representing geographical distributions ranging from worldwide to regional and local environments, to analyze the natural genetic variation underlying the negative effect of elevated CO2 on the ionome composition in plants. We show that the growth under elevated CO2 leads to a global and important decrease of the ionome content whatever the geographic distribution of the population. We also observed a high range of genetic diversity in the response of the ionome composition to elevated CO2, and we identified sub-populations, showing effects on their ionome ranging from the most pronounced to resilience or even to a benefit in response to elevated CO2. Using genome-wide association mapping on the response of each mineral element to elevated CO2 or on integrative traits, we identified a large set of QTLs and genes associated with the ionome response to elevated CO2. Finally, we demonstrate that the function of one of these genes is associated to the negative effect of elevated CO2 on the plant mineral composition. This resource will contribute to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying the negative effect of elevated CO2 on plant mineral nutrition, and could help towards the development of crops adapted to a high-CO2 world.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Natural genetic variation underlying the negative effect of elevated CO2 on ionome composition in Arabidopsis thaliana

대기-co2-농도-상승이-arabidopsis-thaliana의-이온체-구성에-미치는-부정적-영향에-대한-자연-유전적-변이


대기 CO2 농도 상승이 Arabidopsis thaliana의 이온체 구성에 미치는 부정적 영향에 대한 자연 유전적 변이


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소금 스트레스가 아르기닌 유래 요소의 과도한 가수분해를 유발하여 씨앗 근세포의 세포질 pH를 증가시키고, 이는 소금 유도 씨앗 발아 억제(SISG)와 유묘 성장 저해의 주요 원인이다.


Urea is intensively utilized as a nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture, originating either from root uptake or from catabolism of arginine by arginase. Despite its extensive use, the underlying physiological mechanisms of urea, particularly its adverse effects on seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that salt stress induces excessive hydrolysis of arginine-derived urea, leading to an increase in cytoplasmic pH within seed radical cells, which, in turn, triggers salt-induced inhibition of seed germination (SISG) and hampers seedling growth. Our findings challenge the long-held belief that ammonium accumulation and toxicity are the primary causes of SISG, offering a novel perspective on the mechanism underlying these processes. This study provides significant insights into the physiological impact of urea hydrolysis under salt stress, contributing to a better understanding of SISG.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Unraveling the Role of Urea Hydrolysis in Salt Stress Response during Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana

소금-스트레스-하에서-아라비돕시스-씨앗-발아-및-유묘-성장-동안-요소-가수분해의-역할-규명


소금 스트레스 하에서 아라비돕시스 씨앗 발아 및 유묘 성장 동안 요소 가수분해의 역할 규명



그늘에 반응하는 ATHB2 유전자의 마이크로단백질 ATHB2miP가 ATHB2 전장 단백질과 상호작용하여 그늘 회피 반응과 뿌리 발달을 조절한다.


The ability of plants to thrive under suboptimal light conditions, such as shade, is crucial for their overall survival and reproductive success. Here, we show that Arabidopsis seedlings produce a large number of alternative transcripts when exposed to shade. Notably, one of the identified transcript candidates, which was upregulated in shade conditions, was found to be an alternative transcript of the ATHB2 gene. ATHB2 belongs to the HD-ZIPII class of transcription factors and is a well-established regulator of the shade avoidance response. The function of the alternative transcript and the small leucine zipper protein encoded by it, ATHB2miP, was investigated. We found that ATHB2miP is primarily expressed in the shoot meristem and interacts with full-length ATHB2 protein to inhibit its activity through a negative feedback mechanism. Deletion of the genomic region encoding the leucine zipper domain of the ATHB2 gene using CRISPR, resulted in plants exhibiting altered shade avoidance responses and root development. We show that the leucine zipper domain is required for dimerising and localising to nuclear photobodies. There is a significant overlap in deregulated genes between plants ectopically expressing ATHB2miP and athb2 mutant plants. The analysis of gene ontology and clustering revealed that the most affected processes are auxin synthesis and signaling, root development, and iron homeostasis. Shade growth experiments at different iron concentrations revealed a role for ATHB2 in regulating iron uptake and showed that iron availability affects shade growth in an ATHB2 -dependent manner. This study identifies ATHB2miP as a novel regulator of shade avoidance responses in Arabidopsis, highlighting the intricate transcriptional regulation underlying these processes.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

A shade-responsive microProtein in the Arabidopsis ATHB2 gene regulates elongation growth and root development

그늘에-반응하는-아라비돕시스-athb2-유전자의-마이크로단백질이-신장-성장과-뿌리-발달을-조절한다


그늘에 반응하는 아라비돕시스 ATHB2 유전자의 마이크로단백질이 신장 성장과 뿌리 발달을 조절한다



식물-토양 부정적 피드백(PSNF)으로 인한 식물 생물량 감소를 펄스폭 변조 기반 피드백 제어를 통해 완화할 수 있다.


식물-토양-자가독성에-대한-펄스폭-변조를-통한-피드백-제어


식물-토양 자가독성에 대한 펄스폭 변조를 통한 피드백 제어
