Condensation Phenomena of Ions in an Electrostatic Logarithmic Trap: Insights into Ion-Ion Interactions and Low-Temperature Thermodynamics

The study reveals that the Coulombic ion-ion interactions in an electrostatic logarithmic trap lead to two key effects: a logarithmic repulsive potential that opposes the trap, and a kinetic term that increases the free-particle energy along the trap axis. These effects have significant implications for the low-temperature thermodynamics of the ionic gas.