
후각 자극에 대한 투사 신경세포의 다양한 반응 프로파일과 억제 활성이 풍부하게 나타나며, 이는 다양한 반응 지연과 자극 특이적 후각 신경 신호를 야기한다. 이러한 후각 신호는 버섯체 신경망 모델에 의해 변환되어 향상된 자극 식별과 연합 학습을 설명할 수 있다.


coremsg

Odour processing exhibits multiple parallels between vertebrate and invertebrate olfactory systems. Insects, in particular, have emerged as relevant models for olfactory studies because of the tractability of their olfactory circuits. Here, we used fast calcium imaging to track the activity of projection neurons in the honey bee antennal lobe (AL) during olfactory stimulation at high temporal resolution. We observed a heterogeneity of response profiles and an abundance of inhibitory activities, resulting in various response latencies and stimulus- specific post-odour neural signatures. Recorded calcium signals were fed to a mushroom body (MB) model constructed implementing the fundamental features of connectivity between olfactory projection neurons, Kenyon cells (KC), and MB output neurons (MBON). The model accounts for the increase of odorant discrimination in the MB compared to the AL and reveals the recruitment of two distinct KC populations that represent odorants and their aftersmell as two separate but temporally coherent neural objects. Finally, we showed that the learning- induced modulation of KC-to-MBON synapses can explain both the variations in associative learning scores across different conditioning protocols used in bees and the bees’ response latency. Thus, it provides a simple explanation of how the time contingency between the stimulus and the reward can be encoded without the need for time tracking. This study broadens our understanding of olfactory coding and learning in honey bees. It demonstrates that a model based on simple MB connectivity rules and fed with real physiological data can explain fundamental aspects of odour processing and associative learning.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Smell and Aftersmell: Fast Calcium Imaging Dynamics of Honey Bee Olfactory Coding

꿀벌-후각-코딩의-빠른-칼슘-영상-동역학-냄새와-잔향


꿀벌 후각 코딩의 빠른 칼슘 영상 동역학: 냄새와 잔향
