Widespread Availability and Demand for Child Sexual Abuse Material on the Anonymous Tor Network

Child sexual abuse material (CSAM) is widely available and actively sought on the anonymous Tor network, with one-fifth of onion websites hosting such content. A significant portion of Tor users, up to 11.1%, explicitly search for CSAM, predominantly targeting children aged 12-16. Many CSAM users want to stop using the material but face barriers in accessing help.