raven-progressive-matrices-learning-abstract-visual-reasoning-via-task-decomposition

深層学習モデルのキャリブレーションに関するベンチマーク研究

プライベートノイズサイド情報を使用したプライベート情報検索

都市空間時系列予測のための統合データ管理と包括的なパフォーマンス評価-実験-分析-ベンチマーク-

航空画像におけるインタラクティブセグメンテーション-新しいベンチマークとオープンアクセスのwebツール

improving-machine-translation-with-human-feedback-investigating-quality-estimation-as-a-reward-model

リソース効率の高い異種およびリソース制約環境向けのフェデレーテッドトレーニングフレームワーク-reft-について

ソーシャルネットワークにおける過激化への規範的アプローチ


The genome of the xenacoelomorph worm Xenoturbella bocki does not show evidence of significant gene loss or genomic simplification despite its morphologically simple body plan, suggesting that its apparent simplicity is derived rather than primitive.


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The evolutionary origins of Bilateria remain enigmatic. One of the more enduring proposals highlights similarities between a cnidarian-like planula larva and simple acoel-like flatworms. This idea is based in part on the view of the Xenacoelomorpha as an outgroup to all other bilaterians which are themselves designated the Nephrozoa (protostomes and deuterostomes). Genome data can help to elucidate phylogenetic relationships and provide important comparative data. Here we assemble and analyse the genome of the simple, marine xenacoelomorph Xenoturbella bocki , a key species for our understanding of early bilaterian and deuterostome evolution. Our highly contiguous genome assembly of X. bocki has a size of ∼111 Mbp in 18 chromosome like scaffolds, with repeat content and intron, exon and intergenic space comparable to other bilaterian invertebrates. We find X. bocki to have a similar number of genes to other bilaterians and to have retained ancestral metazoan synteny. Key bilaterian signalling pathways are also largely complete and most bilaterian miRNAs are present. We conclude that X. bocki has a complex genome typical of bilaterians, in contrast to the apparent simplicity of its body plan. Overall, our data do not provide evidence supporting the idea that Xenacoelomorpha are a primitively simple outgroup to other bilaterians and gene presence/absence data support a relationship with Ambulacraria.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

The slowly evolving genome of the xenacoelomorph worm Xenoturbella bocki

the-xenoturbella-bocki-genome-reveals-a-typical-bilaterian-molecular-toolkit-despite-its-morphological-simplicity


The Xenoturbella bocki Genome Reveals a Typical Bilaterian Molecular Toolkit Despite Its Morphological Simplicity


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Comparative Genomics of the Xenacoelomorph Worm Xenoturbella bocki