인간-ai-하이브리드-팀의-위험-회피-최적화

허위-정보는-나쁜-사실에-관한-것이-아니다-극단적-콘텐츠의-생산과-소비에-대한-분석

optimale-verwaltung-von-risikoaversen-mensch-ki-hybrid-teams

comprehensive-meteorological-analysis-reveals-seasonal-patterns-and-hotspots-of-upward-lightning-risk-at-tall-objects

wie-desinformation-durch-gezielte-sprachstile-und-themenwahl-verbreitet-wird

최악의-경우에서-확장기-경우로의-환원-결정론적이고-일반화된-접근

deterministische-und-verallgemeinerte-reduktionen-vom-worst-case-zum-expander-case

ai-기반-코드-생성-도구에-대한-의존성을-줄이기-위한-다이어그램-및-동영상-기반-oop-과제


IRE1α 이합체 형성만으로는 인산화와 RNase 활성을 유발하기에 충분하지 않다. 이합체 간 충돌 또는 고차 올리고머 형성이 필요하다.


coremsg

The unfolded protein response can switch from a pro-survival to a maladaptive, pro-apoptotic mode. During endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, IRE1α sensors dimerize, are phosphorylated and activate XBP1 splicing, increasing folding capacity in the ER protein factory. The steps that turn the IRE1α endonuclease activity against endogenous mRNAs during maladaptive ER stress are still unknown. Here we show that although necessary, IRE1α dimerization is not sufficient to trigger phosphorylation. Random and/or guided collisions amongst IRE1α dimers are needed to elicit cross-phosphorylation and endonuclease activities. Thus, reaching a critical concentration of IRE1α dimers in the ER membrane is a key event. Formation of stable IRE1α clusters is not necessary for RNase activity. However, clustering could modulate the potency of the response promoting interactions between dimers and decreasing the accessibility of phosphorylated IRE1α to phosphatases. The stepwise activation of IRE1α molecules and their low concentration at steady state prevent excessive responses, unleashing full-blown IRE1 activity only upon intense stress conditions.

*   UPR
    :   unfolded protein response
    ER
    :   endoplasmic reticulum
    ERAD
    :   ER-associated degradation
    IRE1
    :   Inositol-requiring enzyme type 1

Congress of multiple dimers is needed for cross-phosphorylation of IRE1α and its RNase activity

er-스트레스-상황에서-ire1α의-교차-인산화와-rnase-활성을-위해서는-다중-이합체의-결합이-필요하다


ER 스트레스 상황에서 IRE1α의 교차 인산화와 RNase 활성을 위해서는 다중 이합체의 결합이 필요하다


title_rewrite

IRE1α 활성화 메커니즘