
High-resolution electrical recording methods, including spike waveform features and stimulus-evoked power/coherence spectra, can precisely identify the laminar structure of macaque primary visual cortex, including thin sublayers that are difficult to discern using traditional current source density analysis.


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Laminar electrode arrays allow simultaneous recording of activity of many cortical neurons and assignment to correct layers using current source density (CSD) analyses. Electrode arrays with 100-micron contact spacing can estimate borders between layer 4 versus superficial or deep layers, but in macaque primary visual cortex (V1) there are far more layers, such as 4A which is only 50-100 microns thick. Neuropixels electrode arrays have 20-micron spacing, and thus could potentially discern thinner layers and more precisely identify laminar borders. Here we show that CSD signals lack the spatial resolution required to take advantage of high density Neuropixels arrays and describe the development of approaches based on higher resolution electrical signals and analyses, including spike waveforms and spatial spread, unit density, high-frequency action potential (AP) power spectrum, temporal power change, and coherence spectrum, that afford far higher resolution of laminar distinctions, including the ability to precisely detect the borders of even the thinnest layers of V1.

Teaser New analysis methods allow high-resolution cortical layer identification using data from high-density laminar electrode arrays.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

High-Resolution Laminar Identification in Macaque Primary Visual Cortex Using Neuropixels Probes

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High-Density Electrical Recordings Reveal Detailed Laminar Structure of Macaque Primary Visual Cortex
