Comprehensive Analysis of the Large Language Model Supply Chain: Challenges, Opportunities, and a Research Agenda

The rapid advancements in pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) have ushered in a new era of intelligent applications, transforming various fields. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the LLM supply chain, highlighting its key components and the critical challenges that must be addressed to ensure the safe, reliable, and equitable deployment of LLMs.