무작위-미세구조-대표-체적-요소-크기-결정을-위한-fisher-점수-기반-시뮬레이션-없는-방법

analysis-and-visualization-of-musical-structure-using-networks

音楽構造のネットワークを用いた分析とビジュアライゼーション

음악-구조-분석-및-시각화를-위한-네트워크-활용

leveraging-offline-data-from-similar-tasks-to-improve-batch-reinforcement-learning

データ駆動型知識移転によるバッチ-q-学習

데이터-기반-일괄-q-학습에서의-지식-전이

carbon-aware-resource-scaling-with-uncertain-job-lengths


The rhizobial effector NopT directly targets and cleaves the Nod factor receptors NFR1 and NFR5 to suppress symbiotic signaling, which is then negatively regulated by NFR1-mediated phosphorylation of NopT.


coremsg

It is well-studied that type-III effectors are essential required by gram-negative pathogens to directly target different cellular pathways from hosts, thus enhancing bacterial infection. However, in the unique context of legume-rhizobium symbiosis, the role of rhizobial effectors in regulating plant symbiotic pathways remains a subject of hypothesized understanding. Here, we show that NopT, a YopT-type cysteine protease from Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234 that could directly target symbiotic signaling pathway by associating with two plants’ Nod factor receptors (NFR1 and NFR5). NopT inhibits cell death triggered by co-overexpression of NFR1/NFR5 in Nicotiana benthamiana . NopT interacts with both NFR1 and NFR5. NopT proteolytically cleaves NFR5 in both in vitro and in vivo assays, but is later inactivated via phosphorylation by NFR1. NopT plays an essential role in mediating rhizobial infection in L. japonicus . The truncated NopT, lacking 50 N–terminal amino acids post-autocleavage, retains the ability to cleave NFR5 but no longer interacts with NFR1. Intriguingly, certain Sinorhizobium species exclusivley harbor this truncated NopT in their genomes. These findings unveil an intricate regulatory interplay between rhizobia and legumes, wherein rhizobial NopT actively cleaves NFR5, and this cleavage process is subsequently suppressed following NopT phosphorylation by NFR1. This discovery presents a compelling narrative of a nuanced regulatory interplay between rhizobia and legumes, highlighting rhizobial effector as a direct mediator targeting symbiotic pathway from plants.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

The Rhizobial effector NopT targets Nod factor receptors to regulate symbiosis in Lotus japonicus

rhizobial-effector-nopt-targets-nod-factor-receptors-to-regulate-symbiosis-in-lotus-japonicus


Rhizobial Effector NopT Targets Nod Factor Receptors to Regulate Symbiosis in Lotus japonicus


title_rewrite

Regulation of Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis by Rhizobial Effector NopT